Environmental Impact and Concerns

 

  Rimkus GG.
Polycyclic musk fragrances in the aquatic environment.
Toxicol Lett. 1999 Dec 20;111(1-2):37-56. Review.
PMID: 10630702; UI: 20094398
Balk F, Ford RA.  
Environmental risk assessment for the polycyclic musks AHTN and HHCB in the EU. I. Fate and exposure assessment.
Toxicol Lett. 1999 Dec 20;111(1-2):57-79.
PMID: 10630703; UI: 20094399
  Rimkus GG, Gatermann R, Huhnerfuss H.  
Musk xylene and musk ketone amino metabolites in the aquatic environment.
Toxicol Lett. 1999 Dec 20;111(1-2):5-15. Review.
PMID: 10630699; UI: 20094395
Franke S, Meyer C, Heinzel N, Gatermann R, Huhnerfuss H, Rimkus G, Konig WA, Francke W.  
Enantiomeric composition of the polycyclic musks HHCB and AHTN in different aquatic species.
Chirality. 1999;11(10):795-801.
[MEDLINE record in process]
PMID: 10561711; UI: 20029640
Balk F, Ford RA.  
Environmental risk assessment for the polycyclic musks, AHTN and HHCB. II. Effect assessment and risk characterisation.
Toxicol Lett. 1999 Dec 20;111(1-2):81-94.
PMID: 10630704; UI: 20094400
Herren D, Berset JD.  
Nitro musks, nitro musk amino metabolites and polycyclic musks in sewage sludges. Quantitative determination by HRGC-ion-trap-MS/MS and mass spectral characterization of the amino metabolites.
Chemosphere. 2000 Mar;40(5):565-74.
PMID: 10665395; UI: 20128780
Christian MS, Parker RM, Hoberman AM, Diener RM, Api AM.  
Developmental toxicity studies of four fragrances in rats.
Toxicol Lett. 1999 Dec 20;111(1-2):169-74.
PMID: 10630712; UI: 20094408
Ford RA, Hawkins DR, Schwarzenbach R, Api AM.  
The systemic exposure to the polycyclic musks, AHTN and HHCB, under conditions of use as fragrance ingredients: evidence of lack of complete absorption from a skin reservoir.
Toxicol Lett. 1999 Dec 20;111(1-2):133-42.
PMID: 10630708; UI: 20094404
Rimkus GG, Wolf M.  
Polycyclic musk fragrances in human adipose tissue and human milk.
Chemosphere. 1996 Nov;33(10):2033-43.
PMID: 8930104; UI: 97083760
Tas JW, Balk F, Ford RA, van de Plassche EJ.  
Environmental risk assessment of musk ketone and musk xylene in The Netherlands in accordance with the EU-TGD.
Chemosphere. 1997 Dec;35(12):2973-3002.
PMID: 9415982; UI: 98077831
Steinberg P, Fischer T, Arand M, Park E, Elmadfa I, Rimkus G, Brunn H, Dienes HP.  
Acute hepatotoxicity of the polycyclic musk 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtaline (AHTN).
Toxicol Lett. 1999 Dec 20;111(1-2):151-60.
PMID: 10630710; UI: 20094406
Seinen W, Lemmen JG, Pieters RH, Verbruggen EM, van der Burg B.  
AHTN and HHCB show weak estrogenic--but no uterotrophic activity.
Toxicol Lett. 1999 Dec 20;111(1-2):161-8.
PMID: 10630711; UI: 20094407
Fromme H, Otto T, Pilz K, Neugebauer F.  
Levels of synthetic musks; bromocyclene and PCBs in eel (Anguilla anguilla) and PCBs in sediment samples from some waters of Berlin/Germany.
Chemosphere. 1999 Oct;39(10):1723-35.
PMID: 10520489; UI: 99450207
  Kevekordes S, Mersch-Sundermann V, Diez M, Bolten C, Dunkelberg H.  
Genotoxicity of polycyclic musk fragrances in the sister-chromatid exchange test.
Anticancer Res. 1998 Jan-Feb;18(1A):449-52.
PMID: 9568118; UI: 98229538
Abe A.  
Distribution of 1,4-dioxane in relation to possible sources in the water environment.
Sci Total Environ. 1999 Feb 16;227(1):41-7.
PMID: 10209880; UI: 99226365
Kafferlein HU, Goen T, Angerer J.  
Musk xylene: analysis, occurrence, kinetics, and toxicology.
Crit Rev Toxicol. 1998 Sep;28(5):431-76. Review.
PMID: 9793747; UI: 99010162
Api AM, San RH.  
Genotoxicity tests with 6-acetyl-1,1,2,4,4,7-hexamethyltetraline and 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta-gamma-2-benzopyr an.
Mutat Res. 1999 Oct 29;446(1):67-81.
PMID: 10613187; UI: 20080011
Liebl B, Ehrenstorfer S.  
[Nitro-musk compounds in breast milk].
Gesundheitswesen. 1993 Oct;55(10):527-32. German.
PMID: 8268706; UI: 94093258
Berset JD, Bigler P, Herren D.  
Analysis of nitro musk compounds and their amino metabolites in liquid sewage sludges using NMR and mass spectrometry.
Anal Chem. 2000 May 1;72(9):2124-31.
[MEDLINE record in process]
PMID: 10815975; UI: 20273422
  Muller S, Schmid P, Schlatter C.  
Occurrence of nitro and non-nitro benzenoid musk compounds in human adipose tissue.
Chemosphere. 1996 Jul;33(1):17-28.
PMID: 8680828; UI: 96290864

 

Chou YJ, Dietrich DR.  
Toxicity of nitromusks in early lifestages of South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and zebrafish (Danio rerio).
Toxicol Lett. 1999 Dec 20;111(1-2):17-25.
PMID: 10630700; UI: 20094396
Angerer J, Kafferlein HU.  
Gas chromatographic method using electron-capture detection for the determination of musk xylene in human blood samples. Biological monitoring of the general population.
J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997 May 23;693(1):71-8.
PMID: 9200520; UI: 97343993
Riedel J, Birner G, van Dorp C, Neumann HG, Dekant W.  
Haemoglobin binding of a musk xylene metabolite in man.
Xenobiotica. 1999 Jun;29(6):573-82.
PMID: 10426556; UI: 99353628
Lee ML, Vassilaros DL, Later DW.  
Capillary column gas chromatography of environmental polycyclic aromatic compounds.
Int J Environ Anal Chem. 1982;11(3-4):251-62.
PMID: 6179892; UI: 82264501
Draisci R, Marchiafava C, Ferretti E, Palleschi L, Catellani G, Anastasio A.  
Evaluation of musk contamination of freshwater fish in Italy by accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection.
J Chromatogr A. 1998 Jul 24;814(1-2):187-97.
PMID: 9718694; UI: 98384806
Meador JP, Stein JE, Reichert WL, Varanasi U.  
Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by marine organisms.
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 1995;143:79-165. Review.
PMID: 7501868; UI: 96118717